Laughter in the Shadows

  Laughter in the Shadows

  The latest edition of this work has been brought to publication with the generous assistance of Marguerite and Gerry Lenfest.

  Naval Institute Press

  291 Wood Road

  Annapolis, MD 21402

  © 2008 by Stuart E. Methven

  All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.

  ISBN 978-1-61251-576-2 (eBook)

  The Library of Congress has cataloged the hardcover edition as follows:

  Methven, Stuart E.

  Laughter in the shadows : a CIA memoir / Stuart E. Methven.

  p. cm.

  Includes index.

  1. Methven, Stuart E. 2. Intelligence officers—United States—Biography. 3. United States. Central Intelligence Agency—Officials and employees—Biography. I. Title.

  JK468.I6M48 2008

  327.12730092—dc22

  [B]

  2008043950

  Print editions meet the requirements of ANSI/NISO z39.48-1992 (Permanence of Paper).

  15141312111098987654321

  First printing

  This manuscript has been reviewed by the CIA to assist the author in eliminating classified information; however, that review neither constitutes CIA authentication of factual material nor implies CIA endorsement of the author’s views.

  Photographs are from the author’s personal collection.

  To my immediate family: Laurie, Kent, Gray, and Megan, who lived through Laughter in both Asia and Africa, and to their spouses, Kris, Denise, Terri, and Rusty, and to their progeny, Marcus, Page, Joey, Jessica, Mike, Brian, Amber, and Kendall

  And to my devoted wife Nicole, who was part of the African equation and provided steadfast support and affection in getting me to finish this book

  CONTENTS

  Acknowledgments

  Introduction

  PART I. The Beginning

  CHAPTER 1.Enlistment

  CHAPTER 2.Training

  CHAPTER 3.The Flap

  PART II. Operations

  Introduction

  CHAPTER 4.Bushido

  CHAPTER 5.Covert Action

  CHAPTER 6.Nation Building

  CHAPTER 7.Cham Coup d’Etat

  CHAPTER 8.Vietnam, 1962–66

  CHAPTER 9.Samudra

  PART III. The Last Covert Action

  CHAPTER 10.Buwana

  CHAPTER 11.Angafula

  Epilogue

  Index

  ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

  I would like to thank my friends and colleagues, Tom Ahern and Ed George, the latter particularly for his input into the book’s introduction.

  I am also indebted to my brother Don, now deceased, who helped correct and provide support, and to his family, especially my nephews David and Mike, who carried on with support for the book after my brother’s death.

  Finally, I thank Jerrold and Leona Schecter, my patient and supportive literary agents and longtime friends, and the Naval Institute Press for the book’s unique cover and their vote of confidence in publishing Laughter in the Shadows.

  INTRODUCTION

  And yet—it’s rather curious, you know, this sort of life! I do wonder what can have happened to me! When I used to read fairy tales, I fancied that kind of thing never happened, and now here I am in the middle of one!

  There ought to be a book written about me, that there ought! And when I grow up, I’ll write one.

  —LEWIS CARROLL, Alice in Wonderland

  In a period of American history that seems to abound in startling ironies and melodramas, perhaps none is as striking as that of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Here is an organization, dedicated to anonymity, that suddenly became the most widely and sensationally publicized secret institution in history.

  It was incredible, the stuff of comedy and tragedy, unexpected and improbable, ludicrous and grave. In the catalogue of the CIA’s alleged misdeeds, there was a hint of some cosmic mind at work behind the scenes. The scheme to destroy or denigrate Castro, sinister in its intent, slapstick in its results, or “stemming the tide” in Southeast Asia with bands of ragged tribesmen, ideal in conception, bloody in conclusion.

  Make no mistake about it: even with the CIA’s flaws, the Central Intelligence Agency has much to be proud of. In its early years, there was probably no other federal agency with a comparable level of talent and expertise in so many different and often arcane fields. No other agency was less bureaucratic and hidebound. No other agency was more demanding or tolerant of its people.

  The results were remarkable. Out of an improbable mix of high purposes and low methods, cloistered intellectuals and daring adventurers, opportunists and idealists, bureaucrats and innovators, the Agency fashioned one of the most efficient, effective, and responsive organizations in the U.S. government.

  The damage inflicted on the CIA later by unwanted publicity forced it to retrench and consequently to lose much of its independent spirit. Yet, even with the unfrocking of its main opponent, the KGB (the Soviet Union’s Committee for State Security), the Agency still has a formidably complex task trying to find coherence and predictability in a crazy-quilt world tattered and torn at by insurgents, terrorists, war lords, and religious fanatics.

  This book is about the early, more heady days of the CIA. It is the story of essentially conventional people in a chimerical, yet precarious world, written by an operations officer who was part of it.

  The experience was almost addictive. Those of us involved might not approve of or fully comprehend everything that was happening, but we couldn’t tear ourselves away. The constant sense of wonder led us to raise questions but left us unsure about the answers.

  The characters in this book are real, although names have been changed to protect those still guarding their cover. Locales where covert engagements may still be running have been disguised.

  If at times the book pokes fun at the Agency, it is not to discredit it. The demarcation between the rational and the fanciful has never been well defined, and one may very well have thought he was in one state without realizing he had crossed into the other. This is why even the best-intentioned clandestine operations appear tragicomic in their tail-chasing frenzy.

  This book tries to capture that early spirit of the CIA’s finest hour, when it almost self-destructed, yet left its brightest trail.

  PART I

  The Beginning

  Bear with me,—and let me go on, and tell my story my own way:—or, if I should seem now and then to trifle upon the road,—or should sometimes put on a fool’s cap with a bell to it … don’t fly off,—but, rather, courteously give me credit for a little more wisdom than appears upon my outside.

  —LAURENCE STERNE

  The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy

  CHAPTER 1: Enlistment

  Amherst College, cloistered in the center of rural New England, was alive with the rumor that a “general” would be the 1951 commencement speaker. The general seemed an odd choice because Amherst had no military tradition, although the college had been named after Gen. Lord Jeffrey Amherst, who, as the Amherst College song notes, was “a soldier of the king,” who conquered all the Indians in this wild country (by offering them smallpox-infected blankets).

  The commencement speaker was Walter Bedell (“Beetle”) Smith, Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower’s chief of staff during World War II. General Smith had recently been named director of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), a recently established government organization whose functions were as yet undefined.

  During
the spring of 1951, recruiters from the new organization had been combing Ivy League campuses for “bright young men.” Amherst College actually had more “Gentlemen C” students than Phi Beta Kappa scholars, but the CIA recruiters stopped by anyway. I had just completed my history thesis on “Espionage in the American Civil War,” describing America’s first intelligence organization (the Pinkerton Detective Agency), highlighting exploits of Union and Confederate female spies, and citing the origins of aerial surveillance operations (i.e., observation balloons floating over the Petersburg salient), and I was certain my thesis would impress the recruiters.

  I was surprised by several of the odd questions put to me by the interviewers: What did I think about the Abraham Lincoln Brigade? (I said I had been impressed by Ingrid Bergman in For Whom the Bell Tolls.) How did I feel about homosexuals? (I said there weren’t any in my fraternity.) The only question I found relevant was whether or not I had scruples about “reading other people’s mail.” (I said I thought it might be interesting; then quickly added, “if it was for a good cause.”)

  When the questions were finished, I handed over a copy of my thesis about intelligence activities during the American Civil War. One of them glanced briefly at the title and tossed it into his briefcase. Then they stood up, shook my hand, and said they would be in touch.

  A week later an envelope arrived, postmarked Washington, D.C. No return address. The letter inside bore the seal of the Central Intelligence Agency. It contained an offer of employment as a CIA operations officer, Grade GS-7 (the civil service equivalent of a first lieutenant), salary $7,500 per annum.

  I was so elated with the offer I almost forgot to read further. The last paragraph stated that the offer of employment was contingent on a “security clearance,” a process that required a period of six months to complete. To expedite the clearance, I was asked to fill out the enclosed thirty-seven-page Personal History Statement.

  Six months. My earlier elation had been premature. I couldn’t wait six months for a “clearance.” I had just gotten married and needed a job after I graduated. My GI Bill benefits had run out, and a new addition to the family was due in November.

  I would have to postpone my dream of joining the world’s “second oldest profession.” I accepted a job as a management trainee with the U.S. Rubber Company in Naugatuck, Connecticut. No security clearance required.

  Naugatuck is the rubber capital of America. Vulcanization was invented in Naugatuck by Charles Goodyear, whose legacy to the town was the cloud of burning rubber that hung over it and seeped into the pores of its inhabitants.

  After a brief training period, I was assigned to the Gumshoe Department as an assistant foreman. In Naugatuck, Connecticut, “gumshoes” aren’t “private eyes,” like Sam Spade and Philip Marlow. In Naugatuck gumshoes are “rubbers”—not Sheiks or Trojans sold under drugstore counters, but elastic protectors that keep shoes from getting wet.

  A hundred and thirty-two women and fourteen men worked in the Gumshoe Department. Every day, for eight hours, they stood or sat in front of a conveyor belt, placing soft rubber cutouts on passing shoe lasts. The last worker on the line stuck the L.L. Bean or U.S. Keds label on the back of the gumshoe and placed the last on a rack, which, when filled, would be rolled off to the vulcanizing ovens.

  As a junior foreman, I wasn’t given too much responsibility. The general foreman and his line supervisors ran things the way they always had before management forced a college trainee on them.

  At first, the supervisors ignored me, or tried to, anyway. After a while, however, once they realized I had no intention of interfering with their established routines, they accepted me and ultimately gave me small tasks to perform, such as filling out quality control sheets, checking production figures, and dealing with the union steward.

  Six months of watching the endless parade of gumshoes coming off the conveyors and listening to the complaints of the union steward bored me. I also became frustrated with the realization that I was cut off from the rubber company managers, who obviously forgot their trainees once they disgorged them into the factory.

  To relieve the boredom, I resorted to the suggestion box. My first suggestion was a proposal for a new line of gumshoe to be called La Cache. One heel of each pair of La Cache would be hollowed out for a secret compartment to hide billetsdoux and “mad money.”

  The La Cache suggestion generated no response, and I submitted another suggestion for a new line, the Firefly, which featured fluorescent-coated heels and toecaps. I pointed out that this line would be popular with joggers, hikers, and night-walkers as a “revolutionary stride” in shoe safety. Several weeks later I was advised that the Firefly suggestion had been forwarded to the Research Department “for further study.” As with the La Cache suggestion, however, nothing came of it.

  Increasingly frustrated, I asked for a transfer to the Special Products Department, where state-of-the-art golf balls, odorless diapers, and art deco birth control devices were being developed.

  Unlike my contributions to the suggestion box, the transfer request attracted management’s attention, and I was summoned to the office of the director of personnel. The director was thumbing through my folder when I arrived. He motioned for me to sit down, closed my folder, and asked me why, with such a promising future in the Gumshoe Department, I wanted a transfer. I was about to reply, but he held up his hand.

  “I am going to tell you something that is completely confidential,” he said. “Your general foreman, Frank Smith, has decided to retire at the end of the year. There is a very good chance you will be named to take his place. This would be quite a step up for a young foreman who has been on the job less than a year. It normally takes from eight to ten years to even be considered for a general foreman’s job, and it would be a great opportunity for you. This is what you should keep in mind before asking for a transfer.”

  Frank hadn’t told me he was going to retire, but then, the general foreman had never been very communicative, particularly with his junior assistant. The director of personnel was right. It would be a big step up. The general foreman sat behind a glassed-in partition cushioned from the clamor of the throbbing conveyors and clanking shoe racks. He spent much of his time attending management meetings and quality control conferences. And most important, he didn’t have to put up with the union steward. I decided to withdraw my transfer request and wait out Frank’s retirement.

  Having now been assured of a more promising future, I became more relaxed in my foreman’s role. I worried less about production quotas and quality control and tried not to let the union steward get under my skin. I didn’t succeed, however, and ironically, it was because of the union steward that I never got to sit behind that glassed-in partition.

  The big annual event in Naugatuck is the fourth of July picnic. The entire factory shut down, and, as if by grand design, the cloud of Naugahyde lifted for the day to let the sun filter through. The entire town either went to the picnic or took the chartered U.S. Rubber train to New York for the Yankee–Red Sox baseball game.

  At the park entrance, a HAPPY FOURTH OF JULY! banner was stretched between two oak trees, planted fifty years earlier by an enterprising city council. The park inside resembled a Norman Rockwell Saturday Evening Post cover, with concession stands draped in red, white, and blue bunting offering foot-long hot dogs and frosted steins of “Naugabrew.” Picnickers bit at bobbing apples in galvanized washtubs on their way to compete in the one-legged sack races, mud wrestling, and the tug-of-war contest. Beer barrel polkas boomed from loudspeakers in the trees, drowning out the speeches of the mayor and factory manager. Parents danced the do-si-dos to the accompaniment of fiddlers and stomp-and-holler callers, while their teenaged offspring necked in the back of the family Studebaker.

  My wife, Joy, and I felt good as we walked down the hill to the park, listening to the staccato of ladyfinger firecrackers and the thumping of tubas in the distance. Inside the park we bobbed for apples and pitched a game of horses
hoes. After a picnic lunch, we went to watch the softball game between the Gumshoe Roosters and the Canvas Mallards.

  It was during the bottom half of the fifth inning that Ray Mengacci strolled over.

  Ray Mengacci was the union steward for Local #21, United Rubber Workers of America. He strutted around the factory as if he was the reincarnation of the American Federation of Laborer’s founder, Samuel Gompers.

  When he came into the Gumshoe Department, he made it a point to ignore me and go directly over to the conveyor belts. He worked the conveyor lines like a Chicago ward heeler, calling out to workers by their first names, asking about their families, and inquiring if they weren’t working too hard.

  Ray liked being on stage, and I knew his routine by heart. He would begin by walking over to one of the conveyor belts, where he’d take up a position behind one of the workers, always picking one he knew to be nervous and excitable.

  Ray would then stand behind her with his arms crossed, looking over her shoulder as she placed the rubber cutouts on passing shoe lasts. With the union steward standing behind her looking over her shoulder, she would invariably become rattled and begin putting the cutouts on the last crooked or upside down until eventually she would start missing lasts altogether, which would cause her to sob and break into tears. This would give Ray his cue. He would march over to the end of the conveyor belt and throw the switch, shutting down the line.

  Once the conveyor belt had clanked to a stop, Ray would step back and assume a Mussolini pose, with his arms crossed and his chin jutting out. Then he would begin his steward’s litany:

  “Fellow workers! Look at poor Nell crying!”

  The workers on the line would all turn to look at Nell.

  “Why is she crying? Because that college-boy foreman”—pointing in my direction—“has ratcheted up the speed of your conveyor!”

  The workers would turn and look at me.

  “Why does he speed up the conveyor? I’ll tell you why. By increasing your production and turning out more and more gumshoes, he looks good to his bosses.